​Best places to start

• Wikipedia page on Modernism in general → first few paragraphs provide a great overview 
• American Modernists: Breaking the Mold → National Endowment for the Humanities magazine, July/August 2005
• Wikipedia page on Modernism in America → 'Visual Art' section is especially helpful
• Definition of Modernism in poetry  → a succinct overview, with links to poets and movements

Further introduction

• Modern Art page on an online Encyclopedia for Art → an overview of what is meant by the term 'modern art'
• Wikipedia page on Modernist poetry  
• Brief overview from Americanmodernists.org → includes a link to an alphabetical roster of American Modernists

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Artwork behind title: Oscar Bluemner's Motive of Space and Form—A New Jersey Village (Montville) (detail), Crystal Bridges Museum